Marka la dhisayo garoomada diyaaradaha ama dib loo casriyeynayo mid hore u jiray, waxa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu xisaabtamo oo qorshaha lagu daro, maankana lagu hayo, arrimo badan si loo xaqiijiyo airportku in uu noqdo mid wakhti badan jira, ammaan ah, badqabkiisu sugan yahay, dakhli soo saara, deegaanka aan dhib u gaysan, adeeg fiican bixin kara, fursado badan oo ganacsi abuuri kara, dadka isticmaalaya, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, dadka deegaanka iyo dalkaba anfaca.
Table of Contents
Saadaalinta tirada rakaabka (Passenger forecast)
Hadaba, arrimaha ay tahay in la helo inta aan talaabo la qaadin waxa ka mid ah saadaalinta tirada rakaabka (Passenger forecast). Saadaalinta tirada rakaabku waa muhiim. Wax kale inta aan la qaban waxa daruuri ah in la saadaaliyo (forecast) tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha isticmaali doona airportka 5ta, 10ka, 20ka ama 30ka sannadood ee socda. Macnaha Sannad kasta, qiyaastii, imisa qof ayaa isticmaali doona garoonka?
Si hadaba loo helo tiro xaqiiqada ku dhaw oo qiyaas fiican ka bixin karta tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha isticmaali doona garoonka diyaaradaha sannadaha soo socda, waxa la qaadaa talaabooyin dhawr ah, iyada oo lagu xisaabtamayo arrimo badan (factors) oo saamaytooda leh.
1. Waxa dib loo raacaa xogta tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha ee isticmaalay garoonka 5tii sannadood ee ugu danbeeyey (historic data). Si looga qiyaas qaato mustaqbalka.
2. Waxa la eegaa oo la saadaaliyaa suuqa safarka cirka (Air Travel market) iyo isbedelada ku yimid sannadihii u danbeeyey ama ku iman kara sanadaha soo socda ee saamaynta ku yeelan kara tirada rakaabka ama dhoofayaasha, sida shirkado cusub oo suuqa soo galay iyo sida ay wax uga badaleen suuqii safarka, shirkado kacay iyo sida suuqii safarku uu u tabay, Xanuuno sababay xannibaad iyo dhoofkii oo istaagay iwm. Waa saadaal.
3. Waxa la eegaa korodhka iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada ku yimaada sida tirada dhalashada (birth rate) iyo korodhka dadka, dhoofka iyo socdaalka bulshada iwm, si loo saadaaliyo tirada guud ee dalkaa sanadaha soo socda (Population).
4. Waxa la saadaaliyaa korodhka iyo koboca dhaqaalaha dalku (economy growth) inta uu leekaan doono iyo saamaynta togan ee uu ku yeelan karo safarka cirka iyo dhoofitaanka dadka.
5. Waxa la eegaa shirkadaha diyaaaradaha ee suurtogal ay tahay in ay garoonkaa isticmaali doonaan mustaqbalka, iyaga oo dalalkoodii ka keenaya rakaab (potential carrriers), gobolka ama aduunyada fog.
6. Waxa si gaar ah loo qiimeeyaa dadka dalxiisayaasha ah ee dalka iman kara sanadaha soo socda qiyaastooda, iyada oo la raacayo xogta laga hayo dalxiisayaashaa. Dabcan, tirada dalxiisayaashu waxa ay ku xidhan tahay waxyaabo badan sida nabadgelyda dalkaa ka jirta, tirada iyo tayada goobaha dalxiiska ee dalku uu leeeyahay (tourist attractions) iyo sida loogu diyaariyo in ay noqdaan goobo dalxiis iwm.
7. Waxa la saadaaliyaa dadka transit/transferka ah ee mari doona garoonka sanadaha soo socda, tiradaas oo ku xidhnaan doonta hadba sida uu garoonku u soo jiito diyaaradaha iyo dhoofayaasha kuwaas oo sii mari doona ama ku hakan doona garoonka iyaga oo u socda goobo kale.
8. Waxa la qiimeeyaa dalku ma leeyahay diyaarad waddani ah (national/flag carrier), taas oo suurtogalin karta in dad badan ay u kala qaado gudaha dalka, dad badan keento dalka iyo garoonkaba iyada oo aan ujeedada koowaad ahayn macaash ee dalka ku xidhaysa dunida inteeda kale. Waa arrin ay adag tahay in dawladuhu hirgeliyaan.
9. Waxa la qiimeeyaa tirada (percentage) bulshada ka mid ah ee haysata ama heli doonta Passport ay ku safraan, haysta ama heli kara dakhli iyo dhaqaale dheer quutal daruuruigooda oo ay isticmaali karaan (disposable income) kaas oo u saamaxaya in ay safraan ama dhoofaan.
Marka xogahan badan la helo ee macluumaadkaa oo dhan la isla wada akhriyo, ayaa la sameeyaa saadaalinta rakaabka isticmaali doona garoonka sannadaha soo socda, iyada oo la samaynayo saadaalin saddex odoros leh oo ku salaysan ama laga qiyaaas qaadanayo tirada rakaabka ee hadda isticmaala garoonka (baseline).
1. Odoroska koowaad waxa lagu talogalaa in korodhka rakaabka isticmaalaya garoonku uu noqon doono mid hooseeya oo gaabis ah (pessimistic) oo sannadkii tiro yar oo aan ka badnayn tusaale ahaan 3% , ay ku kordhi karto tirada rakaabka hadda isticmaala garoonka.
2. Odoroska 2aad waxa laga soo qaadayaa in korodhka rakaabku uu noqon doono mid si dabiici (average) ah u kordhaya oo sanadkiiba ay ku kordhi doonaan tusaale ahaan 5%, marka laga qiyaas qaato korodhkii sannadihii hore, iyada oo lagu talogalayo in aan wax saamayn taban ku yeesha korodhku dhici doonin sanadaha soo socda.
3. Odoroska 3aad waxa laga soo qaadaa in tirada dhoofayaashu ay si xawli ah u kordhi doonto sannadaha soo socda oo ay gaadhi doonto tusaale ahaan 7% taas oo la filayo, dhaqaalaha dalka oo kobci doona, dakhliga dadka oo kor u kici doona, shidaal iyo macdan dalku soo saari doono iwm).
Hadaba, marka la dhisayo airport cusub ama dib loo casriyeynayo mid hore u jiray, waxa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu xisaabtamo oo qorshaha lagu daro, maankana lagu hayo, arrimo badan si loo xaqiijiyo airportku in uu noqdo mid wakhti badan jira, ammaan ah, badqabkiisu sugan yahay, dakhli soo saara, deegaanka aan dhib u gaysan, adeeg fiican bixin kara, fursado badan oo ganacsi abuuri kara, dadka isticmaalaya, shirkadaha diyaaradaha, dadka deegaanka iyo dalkaba anfaca.
Marka la dhisayo garoon diyaaradeed oo cusub ama la kordhinayo mid hore u jiray, waxa aan soo tibaaxay in saadaalinta tirada rakaabka mustaqbalku ay tahay muhiim iyo halka ay waxna ka saxmi karaan, kana khaldami karaan.
Hase yeeshee, marka laga yimaado saadaalinta tirada, waxa muhiim ah in lagu xisaabtamo arimo badan oo qaarkood aan hoos ku tibaaxi doono:-
Ogaanshaha nooca dadka isticmaali doona madaarka (Passenger demographics)
Garoomada diyaaraduhu maaha oo kaliya goob laga dhoofo, balse waa goob ay bulsho badani ku kulanto. Dhamaan qaybaha kala duwan ee bulshadu waa in ay ka heli karaaan adeegyada ay u baahan yihiin, kuwaas oo ku haboon hadba xaaladooda nololeed, shaqo ama jidheed.
Sidaa daraadeed, waa in si dhab ah loo ogaado nooca ay yihiin (demographic) dadka isticmaala ama isticmaali doona garoonkan diyaaradeed, si qorshaha iyo naqshada garoonka loogu saleeyo . Ogaanshaha nooca dadka waxa looga jeedaa dad yaryar (young/youth), dad waaweyn (elderly), Lab, Dhedig, dhaqaale ahaan (business people), diin ahaan (xujaajta, goobaha waysada, mawlacyo lagu tukado, cunto xalaal ah), dadka laxaadka naafada ka ah (disabled people) iwm.
Tusaale ahaan, Dadka waaweyni waxa ay u baahan yihiin maadaama itaalkoodu yar yahay in masaafada ay soconayaan gudaha garoonku ay gaabnaato, in ay helaan Kuraas ay ku nastaan goob kasta oo ka mid ah airportka qiyaastii 100-150 metre, Kursiga lagu riixo dadka waaweyn iyo meeshii uu mari lahaa oo loo diyaariyo, gawaadhida electric ah ee dadka lagu qaado gudaha garoonka, Calaamado si waadax ah u muuqda oo ku haga halka ay doonayaan oo garoonku leeyahay, Sallaanka socda (Escalator), sallaanka dadka geeya dabaqyada sare (lift) iyo meelo ay cuskadaan marka ay soconayaan (handrails) oo garoonku leeyahay iwm.
Dhinaca kale, Qoysaska caruurta yaryar iyo kuwa sindheerta ah wataa, waxa ay u baahan yihiin goobo ay caruurtu ku ciyaaraan ama madadaashaan inta ay sugayaan duulimaadkooda, Musqulo caruurta loogu shaqayn karo nadaafad ahaan (changing rooms), Wifi bilaash ah, goobo ay ka heli karaan ciyaaro (games) iwm.
Waxa muhiim ah garoon kasta oo hadda jira iyo mid kasta oo la samaynayaa in uu xil gaar ah iska saaro qayb ka mid ah dhoofayaasha oo ah dadka laxaadkoodu kala dhiman yahay (Persons with Reduced Mobility (PRMs) kuwaas oo ay ku jiraan dadka dul saaran kursiga la riixo (wheelchair), dadka araga naafada ka ah, dadka maqalka naafada ka ah, dadka qaba laxaad la`aanta aan muuqan iwm.
Dadka laxaadkoodu kala dhiman yahay ee ka mid ah rakaabka isticmaala garoonada diyaaraduhu, qayb ka mid ahi waxa ay u baahan yihiin in ay helaan kursiga dadka lagu riixo iyo goobtii uu mari lahaa, musqulo waasac ah oo ay la gali karaan gaadhigooda yar (Accessible toilets), farta ay akhriyi karaan dadka araga naafada ka ah ee loo yaqaano Braille oo lagu siiyo wixii macluumaad ah ee qoraal ah, codka oo la adeegsado oo lagu fahamsiiyo macluumaadka ay u baahan yihiin, dhulka oo lagu sameeyo calaamadaha haga dadka araga naafada ka ah ee ay ushooda ku garan karaan (tactile guiding paths), shaqaale u gaar ah caawinta dadkaa, goobo iyaga mudnaanta koowaad la siiyo oo looga adeego (check-in/counters) iwm.
Baahida ay qabaan dadkaa ka dhoofaya garoonku xalinteeda qayb ahaan waxa lagu xalin karaa naqshada iyo designka garoonka oo lagu daro goobaha iyo meelaha ay u baahan yihiin, qayb ahaana waxa fulin kara hadba cida ka masuulka ah Terminalka garoonka oo adeeg ahaan (service) ahaan ayaa loogu qaban karaa.
Nooca iyo xaalada cimilada oo lagu xisaabtamo (Climate Conditions)
Cimiladu saamayn wayn ayey ku leedahay qaab dhismeedka (design) iyo hawlmaalmeedka (operations) garoomada diyaaaradaha. Tusaale ahaan, garoomada ku yaala dhulka kulul sida Khaliijka oo kale, waxa ay u baahan yihiin system qaboojiyeyaal ah oo la isku halayn karo in lagu rakibo gudaha dhismayaasha rakaabka (passenger terminals).
Dhinaca kale, garoomada ku yaala dhulalka Barafka ah sida Europe oo kale, ay u baahan yihiin in gudaha dhismayaasha rakaabka (passenger terminals) lagu rakibo system kululeeya. Waxa kale oo ay u baahan yihiin Mucidaat ama qalab lagu xaadho barafka oo lagaga nadiifiyo dhabaha diyaarada (runway), taxiwayga iyo parkinka.
Garoomada laga dhisayo dhulka xeebaha ah, waa in la isticmaalo biro iyo qalab u adkaysan kara kulaylka xeebta oo aanay daxalayn karin (corrosion-resistant materials).
Sidaa daraadeed, waa in mar kasta lagu xisaabtamo xaalada cimilada goobta laga dhisayo garoonka diyaaradaha.
